Status, Distribution & Conservation

The Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., in Canada

Literature Cited

Continued...

  • Brower, L.P. (1984) Chemical defenses of butterflies. in The biology of butterflies, Vane-Wright, R.I. & Ackery, P.R. (eds.), Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London 11, Academic Press, London, pp. 109-134.
  • Brower, L.P. (1995) Understanding and misunderstanding the migration of the Monarch butterfly (Nymphalidae) in North America: 1857-1995. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 49: 304-385.
  • Brower, L.P.; Fink, L.S.; Brower, A.V.Z.; Leong, K; Oberhauser, K; Altizer, S.; Taylor, O.; Vickerman, D.; Calvert, W.H.; Van Hook, T.; Alonso-Meija, A.; Malcolm, S.B.; Owen, D.F. and Zalucki, M.P. (1995) On the dangers of interpopulational transfers of Monarch butterflies. BioScience 45(8): 540-544.
  • Brower, L.P. and Malcolm, S.P. (1989) Endangered Phenomena. Wings 14(2): 3-9.
  • Brower, L.P. and Walton, R.K. (1996) Report on the status of the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in the United States (draft, 18 March 1996). Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal, Quebec.
  • Brown, J.J. and Chippendale, G.M. (1974) Migration of the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus: energy sources. Journal of Insect Physiology 20: 1117-1130.
  • Brown, K.S., Jr. (1992) More beached butterflies. News of the Lepidopterists' Society, May/June 1992 (No. 3), pp. 56.
  • Cockrell, B.J.; Malcolm, S.B. and Brower, L.P. (1993) Time, temperature, and latitudinal constraints on the annual recolonization of eastern North America by the Monarch butterfly. in Biology and conservation of the Monarch butterfly, Malcolm, S.B. & Zalucki, M.P. (eds.), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series No. 38, Los Angeles, California., pp. 233-252.
  • Cohen, J.A. and Brower, L.P. (1982) Oviposition and larval success of wild Monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) in relation to host plant size and cardenolide content. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 55: 343-348.
  • Cundiff, B. (1993) Why Butterflies aren't free. Seasons 33(1): 24-29, 37, Spring 1993, Federation of Ontario Naturalists.
  • Day, R. and Catling, P.M. (1991) The rare vascular plants of Prince Edward Island. Syllogeus 67, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, 65 pp.
  • Dempster, J.P. (1984) The natural enemies of butterflies. in The biology of butterflies, Vane-Wright, R.I. & Ackery, P.R. (eds.), Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London 11, Academic Press, London, pp. 97-104.
  • Dennis, R.L.H. (1993) Butterflies and climate change. Manchester University Press, Manchester, U.K., 302 pp.
  • Duffy, S.S. and Scudder, G.G.E. (1972) Cardiac glycosides in North American Asclepiadaceae, a basis for unpalatability in brightly coloured Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Journal of Insect Physiology 18: 63.
  • Ehrlich, P.R. (1984) The structure and dynamics of butterfly populations. in The biology of butterflies, Vane-Wright, R.I. & Ackery, P.R. (eds.), Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London 11, Academic Press, London, pp. 25-40.
  • Eickwort, K.R. (1977) Population dynamics of a relatively rare species of Milkweed beetle (Labidomera). Ecology 58: 527-538.
  • Ericson, J.M. (1973) The utilization of various Asclepias species by larvae of the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. Psyche 80: 230-248.
  • Ferguson, D.C. (1955) Lepidoptera of Nova Scotia. Part 1: Macrolepidoptera. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, 375 pp.
  • Ferris, L. (1994) An ecological appraisal of the Ontario Weed Control Act. Thesis course, ERS 390 for Dr. G. Michalenko, University of Waterloo.
  • Frey, D.F. and Leong, K.L.H. (1993) Can microhabitat selection or differences in 'catchability' explain male-biased sex ratios in overwintering populations of Monarch butterflies. Animal Behavior 45: 1025-1027.