Status, Distribution & Conservation

The Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., in Canada

Literature Cited

Continued...

  • Gaston, K.J. and McArdle, B.H. (1993) All else is not equal: temporal population variability and insect conservation. in Perspectives on insect conservation, Gaston, K.J.; New, T.R. & Samways, M.J. (eds.), Intercept, Hampshire, U.K., pp. 171-184.
  • Gibo, D.L. (1986) Flight strategies of migrating Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) in southern Ontario. in Insect Flight: dispersal & migration, Danthanarayana, W. (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 172-184.
  • Gibo, D.L. and McCurdy, J.A. (1993a) Lipid accumulation by migrating Monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Nymphalidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 76-82.
  • Gibo, D.L. and McCurdy, J.A. (1993b) Evidence for use of water ballast by Monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 47: 154-160.
  • Groh, H. and Dore, W.G. (1945) A Milkweed survey in Ontario and adjacent Quebec. Scientific Agriculture 25(8): 463-481.
  • Harms, V.L. and Dunbar, R.M. (1989) The silky milkweed in Saskatchewan. Blue Jay 47(1): 2-6.
  • Herman, W.S. (1981) Studies on the adult reproductive diapause of the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. Biological Bulletin 160: 89-106.
  • Hess, Q.F. (1994) The habitats and butterflies of the Hudson's Bay lowlands. Toronto Entomologists' Association Occasional Publication 27-94, pp. 6-18.
  • Hinds, H.R. (1986) The flora of New Brunswick. Primrose Press, Fredricton, 460 pp.
  • Holmes, A.M.; Hess, Q.F.; Tasker, R.R. and Hanks, A.J. (1991) The Ontario butterfly atlas. Toronto Entomologists' Association, Toronto, 167 pp.
  • Hooper, R.R. (1973) The butterflies of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources, Regina, 216 pp.
  • Howe, W.H. (1975) The butterflies of North America. Doubleday, New York, pp.76-77.
  • Hyslop, C. (1996) Background Note: Canada-Mexico-USA Monarch Butterfly Project. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario.
  • Kirk, M. (1985) Vincetoxicum spp. (Dog-strangling Vines): alien invaders of natural ecosystems in southern Ontario. Plant Press 3(4): 130-131.
  • Klassen, P.; Westwood, A.R.; Preston, W.B. and McKillop, W.B. (1989) The butterflies of Manitoba. Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature, Winnepeg, 290 pp.
  • Kubisz, M. (1992) Swallow-wort: a pesky intruder puts a choke-hold on Ontario. Globe & Mail, July 25, pp. D8.
  • Layberry, R. (1995) Monarchs on swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata). Toronto Entomologists' Association Occasional Publication 27-95, pp. 6-7.
  • Leong, K.L.H.; Kaya, H.K.; Yoshimura, M.A. and Frey, D.F. (1992) The occurrence and effect of a protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis electroscirrha (Neogregarinida: Ophryocystidae) on overwintering Monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) from two California winter sites. Ecological Entomology 17: 338-342.
  • Looman, J. and Best, K.F. (1979) Budd's flora of the Canadian prairie provinces. Agriculture Canada Publication 1662, pp. 593-597.