Status, Distribution & Conservation

The Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., in Canada

Literature Cited

Continued...

  • New, T.R. (1991) Butterfly conservation. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia, 224 pp.
  • Pringle, J.S. (1973) The spread of Vincetoxicum species (Asclepiadaceae) in Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 87: 27-33.
  • Pyle, R.M. (1983) Migratory Monarchs: an endangered phenomenon. The Nature Conservancy News 33: 20-24.
  • Rawlins, J.E. and Lederhouse, R.C. (1981) Developmental influences of thermal behavior on Monarch caterpillars (Danaus plexippus): an adaptation for migration (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 54: 387-408.
  • Roeske, C.N.; Seiber, J.N.; Brower, L.P. and Moffitt, C.M. (1976) Milkweed cardenolides and their comparative processing by Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.). Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 10: 93-167.
  • Roland, A.E. and Smith, E.C. (1969) The flora of Nova Scotia. The Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, 746 pp.
  • Schappert, P.J. (1992) Letter to Honourable Elmer Buchanan, Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Toronto Entomologists' Association, 10 Dec. 1992.
  • Schmidt-Koenig, K. (1993) Orientation of autumn migration in the Monarch butterfly. in Biology and conservation of the Monarch butterfly, Malcolm, S.B. & Zalucki, M.P. (eds.), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series No. 38, Los Angeles, California., pp. 275-284.
  • Schneider, D. (1994) Call for changes to Ontario's Weed Act. Seasons 34(4): 8, Winter 1994, Federation of Ontario Naturalists.
  • Scott, J.A. (1986) The butterflies of North America: a natural history and field guide. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 583 pp.
  • Scudder, G.G.E. (1978) Present patterns in the fauna and flora of Canada. Memoirs Entomol. Soc. Can. 108: 87-179.
  • Seiber, J.N.; Brower, L.P.; Lee, S.M.; McChesney, M.M.; Cheung, H.T.A.; Nelson, C.J. and Watson, T.R. (1986) Cardenolide connection between overwintering Monarch butterflies from Mexico and their larval food plant Asclepia syriaca. Journal of Chemical Ecology 12: 1157-1170.
  • Straley, G.B.; Taylor, R.L. and Douglas, G.W. (1985) The rare vascular plants of British Columbia. Syllogeus 59, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, 165 pp.
  • Sutherland, D.A. (1994) Natural heritage resources of Ontario: butterflies (draft). Natural Heritage Information Centre, Peterborough, Ontario, 14 pp.